ÿWPC” Ž;ñk‰ÛEe*‘ïxj{q‹Vé¹”Hñ1Å™/:Â*OQ¹s žù•®Ç³G@.¼Þú§ó›YïÀŽfñêôJûœ&6+vꎒӿ_âìtn»áN-¤dìkžf%} Ç2T'ì~qÇÜ‘NDܘQïQÏ+þcš\ Óê ¸óˆ˜Ín€k¼4»á7€¾óû:7¡(¡“…X¶ÆÁõâ®—Jª@NÁ"j8…Q@NNŒÇP ó+äk‘f# #ÈI”ù§Ž åîA/k|•Z©¼e×îù{k×e3ÚI ójêyÎ~+2´ÔÀW³á´+×(+{Q¡Ä{›oÒäÄtÞmÇá‘©¢Q©\gÝJ@£DŠiSr §¼[Òþ8×¾ËßEÐñ‡g¸ü—+Nm°8žd.u²ÕX/Í÷ùXϳàÖäsX3ÈRÊüæ ¦ÇZùº‹¥à|í™&YfEY;U´{A΋ϔ×0>,á}h“«-F ÂÍù`ÜW·`®ì3áj˦ëf[šù©21#É v*[Šé¥æ¼EîñÓã "”Ó4²ƒ·“Z¦þ„ óHš‹DáOîªÜãã*ß%1Ñ ð¶hÀdª÷Eå–¢ÇÎyºäæÊDw*#ÁLU N  %[ 0(av‰wÿ4  ë& 0D  U U 0l] 0DÉ  U N  Nc ^ e q ms 0kŠ UNõ õ õ õ eC 0wD D D 0ˆ» 0ˆC 0kË 0k6 0k¡ 0k   Bw˜HP LaserJet 4,ü,,,,,ü0(uHš Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡Motion to suppress statements Ï  ' fpd0fpd .   eH+3|x áÔ_ÔÔ€XZ¢XXXÔÔ‡ô‘ÒòXXZ¢ÔMotion€to€Suppress€...Ð ° ÐCriminal€No.€00„000Ð tÄ ÐPage€Ú  Ú1Ú  ÚÔ#†XZ¢Xòô‘Ò/#Ô(3¯$§§Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularO*+s ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ2+ÿÿ0TxBr_p2Ó Î ÓÓ  ÓÓ ªÓÓÓ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular27ÿÿ0TxBr_p8Ó Î ÓÓ  ÓÓ oÓÓ o ÓÓÓ4Fÿÿ2TxBr_p11Ó Î ÓÓ  ÓÓ oûÓÓ o ÓÓ ‹ ÓÓÓ4Fÿÿ2TxBr_p12Ó Î ÓÓ  ÓÓ ûƒÓÓ ƒ ÓÓ xþ ÓÓÓ47ÿÿ2TxBr_p13Ó  ÓÓ  ÓÓ ¤ÓÓ ¤ Ó47ÿÿ2TxBr_p14Ó  ÓÓ  ÓÓ ƒÓÓ ƒ Ó47ÿÿ2TxBr_p15Ó  ÓÓ  ÓÓ ÆÓÓ Æ Ó47ÿÿ2TxBr_p16Ó  ÓÓ  ÓÓ ÁÓÓ Á Ó dÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÖ€ ÿÿÖÑ  ÑÔ€XZ¢XXXÔà@U U ìàIN€THE€UNITED€STATES€DISTRICT€COURTˆÐ ° Ðà@< < ìàFOR€THE€DISTRICT€OF€PUERTO€RICOˆÐ œì ÐÌUNITED€STATES€OF€AMERICA,à h àà À à*Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àPlaintiff,à ¸ àà  àà h àà À à*à  àà p àÐ L œ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àÌà  à€€€€vs.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à*à  àà p àCRIMINAL€NO.€00„000Ð $ t Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àÌDEFENDANTà0 ¸ àà  àà h àà À à*Ðü L ¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌà  àDefendant.à ¸ àà  àà h àà À à*Ð Ô$  ÐÌ*à  à*à ` à*à ¸ à*à  à*à h à*à À à*Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà@) ) ìàò òòòMOTION€TO€DISMISS€FOR€LACK€OF€JURISDICTIONó óóóˆÐ „Ô  ÐÌTO€THE€HONORABLE€HECTOR€Ô_ÔLAFFITTEÔ_ÔÐ \¬ ÐUNITED€STATES€DISTRICT€JUDGEÐ H˜ ÐFOR€THE€DISTRICT€OF€PUERTO€RICOÐ 4„ ÐÌÓÓà  àCOMES€NOW€defendant,€represented€by€the€Federal€Public€Defender,€and€hereby€PLEADSÐ  \ Ðand€ALLEGES:Ð ä4 Ðò òó óà  à1.€On€March€17,€2000,€a€one€count€Indictment€was€filed€against€Mr.€Defendant,€allegingÐ ¼  Ðpossession€with€intent€to€distribute€cocaine..€The€defense€moves€to€dismiss€the€Indictment€since€theÐ ”ä ÐUnited€States€lacked€jurisdiction€to€enforce€it€laws€in€this€case€over€a€foreign€vessel€in€internationalÐ l¼ Ðwaters.Ð D!” ÐÔ‡XZ¢XXXZ¢Ôà  à2.€Title€46€United€States€Code,€Section€1903(a)€provides€that:Ð #l! ÐÓÓà8  àð ðIt€is€unlawful€for€any€person€on€board€a€vessel€of€the€United€States,€or€on€board€aÐ ô$D # Ðvessel€subject€to€the€jurisdiction€of€the€United€States,€or€who€is€a€citizen€of€theÐ à%0!$ ÐUnited€States€or€a€resident€alien€of€the€United€States€on€board€of€any€vessel,€toÐ Ì&"% Ðknowingly€or€intentionally€manufacture€or€distribute,€or€to€possess€with€intent€toÐ ¸'#& Ðmanufacture€or€distribute,€a€controlled€substance.ððФ(ô#'Ð Ð  ÐÌÓ®ÓÔ#†XZ¢XXXZ¢0#ÔÔ‡XZ¢XXXZ¢Ôà  à3.€Title€46€United€States€Code,€Section€1903(c)(1)€provides€that€a€ð ðvessel€subject€to€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðjurisdiction€of€the€United€Statesðð€includes:Ð T,¤'+ ÐÔ_ÔÓÓà8  àa)€a€vessel€without€nationality;ÐÄÐ Ð  Ðà8  àb)€€a€vessel€assimilated€to€a€vessel€without€nationality,€in€accordance€with€paragraphÐ °ì Ð(2)€of€article€6€of€the€1958€Convention€on€the€High€Seas;М ØÐ Ð  Ðà8  àc)€a€vessel€registered€in€a€foreign€nation€where€the€flag€nation€has€consented€orÐ ˆ Ä Ðwaived€objection€to€the€enforcement€of€United€States€law€by€the€United€States;Ðt °Ð Ð  Ðà8  àd)€a€vessel€located€within€the€customs€waters€of€the€United€States;€andÐ` œÐ Ð  Ðà8  àe)€a€vessel€located€in€the€territorial€waters€of€another€nation,€where€the€nationÐ L ˆ Ðconsents€to€the€enforcement€of€United€States€law€by€the€United€States.Ô#†XZ¢XXXZ¢ü #ÔÓð ÓÐ8tÐ Ð  Ðà  à4.€In€theÔ‡XZ¢XXXZ¢Ô€Indictment€the€Government€admits€that€the€vessel€on€which€Ô#†XZ¢XXXZ¢’#ÔÔ‡XZ¢XXXZ¢ÔMr.€DefendantÔ#†XZ¢XXXZ¢#ÔÔ‡XZ¢XXXZ¢Ô€wasÐ L  Ðarrested€and€the€narcotics€were€sized€is€a€foreign€vessel,€registered€in€Saint€Martin,€N.A.Ð è$  Ðà  à5.€In€order€to€claim€the€jurisdiction€of€this€Court,€the€Government€alleged€in€the€Indictment€Ð Àü  Ðthat€the€flag€nation€either€consented€or€waived€objection€to€the€enforcement€of€United€States€law.€Ô#†XZ¢XXXZ¢^#ÔÐ ˜Ô  Ðà  à6.Ô‡XZ¢XXXZ¢Ô€Notwithstanding€itððs€jurisdictional€allegation,€€no€evidence€beyond€this€has€been€providedÔ#†XZ¢XXXZ¢.#ÔÔ‡XZ¢XXXZ¢Ô.Ð p¬ ÐSpecifically,€no€documentary€evidence€as€to€the€process€of€the€request€of€the€consent,€theÐ H„ Ðdocumentation€produced€during€such€request,€nor€documentation€attesting€the€granting€of€the€consentÐ  \ Ðor€waiver€has€been€provided€to€the€defense.Ô#†XZ¢XXXZ¢Î#Ô€Indeed€the€Government€does€not€even€specify€if€the€flagÐ ø4 Ðnation€ð ðwaivedðð€or€ð ðconsentedðð.Ð Ð  Ðà  à7.€The€first€paragraph€of€the€Statement€of€Facts,€which€accompanied€the€Complaint€filedÐ ¨ ä Ðbefore€the€Indictment,€states€that€the€vessel€was€observed€approximately€100€miles€due€South€ofÐ €"¼ ÐÔ_ÔPonceÔ_Ô,€Puerto€Rico.Ð X$” Ðà  à8.€Ô‡XZ¢XXXZ¢Ô€The€territorial€waters€of€the€United€States€are€limited€to€twelve€miles€from€the€U.S.€coast,Ð 0&l! ÐProclamation€No.€5928,€54€Fed.€Reg.€777€(1989).€As€the€First€Circuit€has€stated,€ð ð[Ô_Ôw]atersÔ_Ô€twelveÐ (D # Ðmiles€beyond...€the€main€island€of€Puerto€Rico€are€ððinternationalðð€in€the€sense€that€vessels€of€otherÐ à)"% Ðnations€have€a€right€of€free€navigation€through€them.ðð€€òòU.S.€v.€Ramirez„Ferreróó,€82€F.3d€1131,€1136Ð ¸+ô#' Ðn.4€(1st€Cir.€1996).€€Ð -Ì%) ÐòòóóÔ#†XZ¢XXXZ¢#Ôà  à9.€Paragraph€seven€of€the€Statement€of€Facts€states€that€the€Coast€Guard€received€consent€toÐ Ä Ðboard€the€boat.€However€no€identification€is€given€as€to€who€requested€the€consent,€thru€whatÐ œ Ø Ðchannels,€who€is€the€issuing€authority€as€to€that€consent€or€any€other€pertinent€information.Ð t ° Ðà  à10.€However,€a€critical€reading€of€the€Statement€of€Facts€shows€it€to€be€contradictory€in€itself,Ð L ˆ Ðsince€it€states€that€the€U.S.€Coast€Guard€boarded€the€vessel€as€a€ð ðright€of€visitðð€interception,Ð $` Ðfollowing€the€instructions€of€a€U.S.€Customs€aircraft€which€had€observed€the€boat.Ð ü8  Ðà  à11.€Since€the€moment€of€his€arrest€the€defendants€has€claimed€Colombian€citizenship,€andÐ Ô  Ðthe€intercepted€vessel€is€registered€to€Saint€Martin,€N.A.€Therefore,€the€jurisdictional€requirementÐ ¬è  Ðto€enforce€the€laws€of€the€United€States€upon€them€is€only€satisfied€if€they€were€on€board€of€a€vesselÐ „À Ðsubject€to€the€jurisdiction€of€the€United€States€under€Ô‡XZ¢XXXZ¢Ô46€U.S.C.1903(c)(1)Ô#†XZ¢XXXZ¢ï#Ô.€The€Unites€States€has€notÐ \˜ Ðproved€that€this€jurisdictional€requirement€has€been€met.Ð 4p Ðà  à12.€The€Coast€Guard€and€the€Customs€plane€had€ample€opportunity€to€read€at€the€hull€of€theÐ  H Ðvessel€markings.€From€the€evidence€discovered€,€and€the€affidavit€which€is€very€detailed€concerningÐ ä  Ðother€areas,€no€attempt€was€ever€made€to€learn€to€what€nation€the€registration€number€that€appear€inÐ ¼ø Ðthe€hull€of€the€vessel€was€of.€The€government€never€attempted€to€obtain€a€statement€of€no€objection,Ð ”!Ð Ðsince€they€never€made€any€attempt€to€learn€what€was€the€nationality€of€the€vessel€evidenced€by€theÐ l#¨ Ðregistration€number€that€appeared€in€the€hull€of€the€vessel.Ð D%€  Ðà  à13.€The€courts€have€consistently€held€that€the€question€of€whether€the€vessel€is€subject€to€theÐ 'X" Ðjurisdiction€of€the€United€States€is€a€jurisdictional€requirement€of€the€statute€which€violation€hasÐ ô(0!$ Ðbeen€charged€in€this€case€by€defendants.€Whether€the€vessel€is€a€vessel€without€nationality€is€anÐ Ì*#& Ðessential€element€of€the€offense€charged€in€this€case.€òòUnited€States€v.€Ô_ÔPotesÔ_Ôóó,€880€F.2d€1475,€1477€(1stÐ ¤,à$( ÐCir.€1989).€In€order€to€enforce€the€laws€of€the€United€States€upon€the€defendants€in€this€case,€it€wasÐ Ä Ðessential€that€the€United€States€inquire€about€the€nationality€of€the€vessel,€more€so€when€aÐ œ Ø Ðregistration€number€to€the€vessel€visibly€appeared€in€the€hull€of€the€vessel€and€they€acknowledge€thatÐ t ° Ðit€was€not€from€Puerto€Rico€or€the€United€States.€Their€failure€to€do€so,€renders€the€seizure€of€theÐ L ˆ Ðdrug€and€the€arrest€of€the€defendants€illegal€and€without€jurisdiction.Ð $` Ðò òó óà  àWHEREFORE,€co„€defendant€Ô_ÔDefendantÔ_Ô€prays€this€Honorable€court€to€set€the€motion€forÐ ü8  Ðpretrial€evidentiary€hearing,€and€based€upon€the€results€of€the€same€Dismiss€the€Indictment€for€lackÐ Ô  Ðof€jurisdiction..Ð ¬è  Ðà  àRESPECTFULLY€SUBMITTED.Ð „À Ðà  àIn€San€Juan€Puerto€Rico,€this€April€20,€2000.Ð \˜ ÐÔ‡XZ¢XXXZ¢Ôà  àI€CERTIFY€that€on€Ô ƒÝ ÔSeptember€10,€2001Ô!  Ô,€I€served€a€copy€of€the€foregoing€motionòòóó€on€counselÐ 4p Ðfor€the€government,€U.S.€Attorney€Guillermo€Gil€Ô_ÔBonarÔ_Ô€(att:€Assistant€U.S.€Attorney€David€Rivera)Ð  H Ðby€delivering€it€to€his€office€at€Federico€Ô_ÔDegetauÔ_Ô€Federal€Building,€Room€452,€Criminal€Division,Ð ä  Ð150€Carlos€Ô_ÔChardð;ðnÔ_Ô€Avenue,€San€Juan,€PR€00918.Ô#†XZ¢XXXZ¢{%#ÔÐ ¼ø ÐÌÓÓà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àJOSEPH€C.€LAWS,€JR.Ð l#¨ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àFederal€Public€DefenderÐ X$” Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àFor€the€District€of€Puerto€RicoÐ D%€  ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àòòóóÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àAssistant€Federal€Public€DefenderÐ à)"% Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àÔ_ÔUSDCÔ_Ô„PRÐ Ì*#& Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à259€Franklin€D.€Roosevelt€AvenueÐ ¸+ô#' Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àSan€Juan,€PR€00918„2305Ð ¤,à$( Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àTel.€(787)€281„4922